There are many reasons a business might achieve less than its desired price upon sale, the most fundamental of which is that a buyer does not assign the business the same value as the seller.
Here are some common company characteristics that cause buyers to downgrade value — and ways to address them in advance of a sale.
1. Your business is disproportionately dependent.
A business should not be overwhelmingly dependent on any one customer, employee, or supplier.
If a key employee quits unexpectedly, a supplier goes out of business, or a customer leaves for a competitor, will your revenue dip by a meaningful amount? We believe that no more than 10-15% of revenue should be coming from one company.
2. You don’t have a plan for growth.
Buyers look for companies with a foreseeable path for growth. As a seller, you should be proactive in identifying where growth opportunities exist and how a new owner might take advantage of them.
You might present the potential buyer with a list of businesses you have considered as potential acquisition targets, or provide details around new geographic markets or customer segments. Be sure to demonstrate what resources are in place to support increased demand, should the new owner choose to pursue any of these strategies.
You want to present a buyer with a map to growth, not simply say, well, here’s where we’ve gotten and now it’s up to you. These growth areas should be defendable both in terms of proof points to back your ideas up as well as the company’s ability to actually execute on them.
Research shows that mid-sized businesses that have plans in place to meet a substantial, overnight increase in demand could get up to 4.5x on earnings (vs. 3.7x for the average business).
3. Your company is strapped for cash flow.
The more cash you generate in excess of your working capital requirements, the more your company will be worth.
When a buyer buys your business, he writes two checks — one to you, as the owner, and one for working capital. If they have to inject a lot of working capital into your company, their appetite to write a big check to you is going to be less.
The two main ways to increase cash flow are to accelerate accounts receivable and to extend accounts payable. To achieve the first, incent your customers to pay early by offering discounts for paying within a certain period of time. It’s also wise to accommodate as many methods of payment as possible (credit cards, wire transfers, etc.) to offer flexibility to your customers.
While delaying payments made to suppliers or vendors can be a bit trickier, negotiating terms to extend payment deadlines, or opting for annual versus more regular payments (and spreading out those annual contracts) can help you keep more cash on hand.
4. You don’t have recurring revenue.
We’ve all seen the headlines for tech companies fetching high multiples. Particularly for companies with subscription-based revenue models, buyers have been known to pay lofty premiums for the advantage of being able to lock in predictable future revenue.
A subscription, or recurring revenue model, has long been a widely-accepted strategy for companies which have repeat customers and products or services that are consumed over time (for example media and software).
5. You are in a commoditized business.
The less differentiated your business is, the less attractive it will be to a buyer. Companies should focus on building a “deep and wide competitive moat” — i.e., high barriers that disable other market entrants from gaining share of business from you.
One of the unavoidable side effects of being a highly commoditized business is having to compete on price. The less pricing authority you have, the less money you can make. The less money you make, the less you have to invest into growing the business.
Research shows that companies that focus on creating this level of authority in their market can increase their multiple by a full turn over the average small to mid-sized business.
6. The business can’t succeed without you.
If you’re exiting the business, expect a buyer to spend less time with you and much more digging into the competencies of your team. A company that expects to get top dollar must prove that operations can not only be sustained, but flourish, under the new owner. Since there’s likely a learning curve before a new chief operator can reach the same level of effectiveness as the exited owner, the support of the existing team is paramount to a successful transition.
Here are few questions to expect from buyers:
- What proportion of your customers did you personally have to sell in order to convert them into customers? Is their satisfaction and relationship with your company dependent on that personal relationship?
If the answer is “a majority” and “yes”, then it’s time to separate yourself from your customer base and move those relationships onto other members of your team.
- How often do employees come to you with issues within the business? Are they coming for your ideas or for your approval on their own ideas they’ve devised to solve the problem?
The former could signal that you don’t have the right people in place to make confident decisions about the business.
- How often do you take vacation and for how long? Does performance take a dip in your absence?
If you find you either can never take vacation, or have to work throughout your time off to keep things afloat, you may need to identify what pieces of the business are faltering and why and put corrections in place.
Allen Business Advisors is a business broker that understands the need and importance of pre-sale planning for businesses selling in the near term and Exit and Succession Planning for businesses selling in the medium to distant future. We are the business broker for architects, engineers, healthcare practitioners and providers of business services.
1309 Beacon St., Suite 300
Brookline, MA 02445
781-443-4874
john@allenbusinessadvisors.com.
6701 Democracy Plaza Blvd
Bethesda, MD 20817
410-294-2712
Don@allenbusinessadvisors.com.
John Warrillow is the author of this article. The information contained in this article is general in nature and is not legal, tax or financial advice. In specific cases, clients should consult their legal, accounting, tax or financial advisor. This article is not intended to give advice or to represent our firm as being qualified to give advice in all areas of professional services. Exit Planning is a discipline that typically requires the collaboration of multiple professional advisors. To the extent that our firm does not have the expertise required on a matter, we will always work closely with you to help you gain access to the resources and professional advice that you need. Allen Business Advisors is a member of BEI. Our businesses for sale are professional practices.